Using UART1 on Bela Mini

Here it is.

#include <Bela.h>

#define ENABLE_EVO
#define ENABLE_Serial
#define BELA_LIBPD_GUI

#include <DigitalChannelManager.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define PD_THREADED_IO
#include <libpd/z_libpd.h>
extern "C" {
#include <libpd/s_stuff.h>
};
#include <libraries/Midi/Midi.h>
#include <libraries/Scope/Scope.h>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>

#define ENABLE_TRILL





// #ifdef ENABLE_EVO
// #include "Evo.h"

// Evo gEvo;
// int gEvoI2cBus = 1; // the I2c bus the sensor is connected to
// int gEvoI2cAddress = 0x31; // "Primary Slave Address"
// int gEvoReadSleepMs = 10; // how often to read from the Evo
// int gEvoSendIntervalMs = 100; // how often to send Evo reading to Pd
// const char gEvoReceiverName[] = "evo"; // the name of the corresponding Pd [receive ...] object
// float gEvoValue; // the evoReadTask sets this and render() sends it to Pd

// void evoReadTask(void*)
// {
// 	while(!Bela_stopRequested())
// 	{
// 		if(gEvo.readI2C()) {
// 			fprintf(stderr, "Error reading. Stopping\n");
// 			Bela_requestStop();
// 			break;
// 		}
// 		gEvoValue = gEvo.getDistance();
// 		usleep(gEvoReadSleepMs * 1000);
// 	}
// }
// #endif // ENABLE_EVO

#ifdef ENABLE_Serial
#include <libraries/Serial/Serial.h>
Serial gSerial;

int gSerialReadSleepMs = 10; // how often to read from the Evo
int gSerialSendIntervalMs = 100; // how often to send Evo reading to Pd
const char gSerialReceiverName[] = "serial-uart4"; // the name of the corresponding Pd [receive ...] object
float gSerialValue; // the evoReadTask sets this and render() sends it to Pd

void serialReadTask(void*)
{
	while(!Bela_stopRequested())
	{
		unsigned int maxLen = 512;
		char serialBuffer[maxLen];
		// read from the serial port with a timeout of 100ms
		int ret = gSerial.read(serialBuffer, maxLen, 100);
		if (ret > 0) {
			printf("Received: %.*s\n", ret, serialBuffer);

			gSerialValue = gSerial.write(serialBuffer, maxLen, 100);
			usleep(gSerialReadSleepMs * 1000);
	}
}
}
#endif // ENABLE_Serial





#if (defined(BELA_LIBPD_GUI) || defined(ENABLE_TRILL))
#include <libraries/Pipe/Pipe.h>
template <typename T>
int getIdxFromId(const char* id, std::vector<std::pair<std::string,T>>& db)
{
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < db.size(); ++n)
	{
		if(0 == strcmp(id, db[n].first.c_str()))
			return n;
	}
	return -1;
}
#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI || ENABLE_TRILL

#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
#include <tuple>
#include <libraries/Trill/Trill.h>
AuxiliaryTask gTrillTask;
Pipe gTrillPipe;

static std::vector<std::string> gTrillAcks;
static std::vector<std::pair<std::string,Trill*>> gTouchSensors;
// how often to read the cap sensors inputs.
float touchSensorSleepInterval = 0.007;

void readTouchSensors(void*)
{
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < gTouchSensors.size(); ++n)
	{
		Trill& touchSensor = *gTouchSensors[n].second;
		int ret;
		const Trill::Device type = touchSensor.deviceType();
		if(Trill::NONE == type)
			ret = 1;
		else
			ret = touchSensor.readI2C();
		if(!ret)
		{
			gTrillPipe.writeNonRt(n);
		}
	}
}
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL

#ifdef BELA_LIBPD_GUI
#include <libraries/Gui/Gui.h>

Pipe gGuiPipe;
Gui gui;
struct bufferDescription
{
	std::string name;
	int id;
	int size;
};
static std::vector<struct bufferDescription> gGuiDataBuffers;
static std::vector<std::string> gGuiControlBuffers;
struct guiControlMessageHeader
{
	uint32_t size;
	uint32_t type;
	uint32_t id;
};

bool guiControlDataCallback(JSONObject& root, void* arg)
{
	int ret = true;
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < gGuiControlBuffers.size(); ++n)
	{
		const auto& b = gGuiControlBuffers[n];
		std::wstring key = JSON::s2ws(b);
		if (root.end() != root.find(key))
		{
			JSONValue* found = root[key];
			struct guiControlMessageHeader header;
			header.id = n;
			char* array;
			if(found->IsString())
			{
				std::string value = JSON::ws2s(found->AsString());
				header.type = 's';
				header.size = value.size();
				array = (char*)alloca(header.size);
				memcpy(array, value.c_str(), header.size);
			} else if(found->IsNumber())
			{
				float value = found->AsNumber();
				header.type = 'f';
				header.size = sizeof(value);
				array = (char*)alloca(header.size);
				memcpy(array, &value, header.size);
			} else {
				continue;
			}
			// do two separate reads: the pipe is datagram-based
			// so it would be impossible to receive partial messages
			// at the other end
			gGuiPipe.writeNonRt(header);
			gGuiPipe.writeNonRt(&array[0], header.size);
			// we have successully parsed this message, so the
			// default parser shouldn't when we return
			// note: in practice there may be times when we'd want
			// to have the default parser handle this message
			// (e.g.: when an "event" field is also present), but
			// for now we ignore them
			ret = false;
			continue;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI
enum { minFirstDigitalChannel = 10 };
static unsigned int gAnalogChannelsInUse;
static unsigned int gDigitalChannelsInUse;
static unsigned int gScopeChannelsInUse = 4;
static unsigned int gLibpdBlockSize;
static unsigned int gChannelsInUse;
//static const unsigned int gFirstAudioChannel = 0;
static unsigned int gFirstAnalogInChannel;
static unsigned int gFirstAnalogOutChannel;
static unsigned int gFirstDigitalChannel;
static unsigned int gLibpdDigitalChannelOffset;
static unsigned int gFirstScopeChannel;

void Bela_userSettings(BelaInitSettings *settings)
{
	settings->uniformSampleRate = 1;
	settings->interleave = 0;
	settings->analogOutputsPersist = 0;
}

float* gInBuf;
float* gOutBuf;
#define PARSE_MIDI
static std::vector<Midi*> midi;
std::vector<std::string> gMidiPortNames;
int gMidiVerbose = 1;
const int kMidiVerbosePrintLevel = 1;

void dumpMidi()
{
	if(midi.size() == 0)
	{
		printf("No MIDI device enabled\n");
		return;
	}
	printf("The following MIDI devices are enabled:\n");
	printf("%4s%20s %3s %3s %s\n",
			"Num",
			"Name",
			"In",
			"Out",
			"Pd channels"
	      );
	for(unsigned int n = 0; n < midi.size(); ++n)
	{
		printf("[%2d]%20s %3s %3s (%d-%d)\n",
			n,
			gMidiPortNames[n].c_str(),
			midi[n]->isInputEnabled() ? "x" : "_",
			midi[n]->isOutputEnabled() ? "x" : "_",
			n * 16 + 1,
			n * 16 + 16
		);
	}
}

Midi* openMidiDevice(std::string name, bool verboseSuccess = false, bool verboseError = false)
{
	Midi* newMidi;
	newMidi = new Midi();
	newMidi->readFrom(name.c_str());
	newMidi->writeTo(name.c_str());
#ifdef PARSE_MIDI
	newMidi->enableParser(true);
#else
	newMidi->enableParser(false);
#endif /* PARSE_MIDI */
	if(newMidi->isOutputEnabled())
	{
		if(verboseSuccess)
			printf("Opened MIDI device %s as output\n", name.c_str());
	}
	if(newMidi->isInputEnabled())
	{
		if(verboseSuccess)
			printf("Opened MIDI device %s as input\n", name.c_str());
	}
	if(!newMidi->isInputEnabled() && !newMidi->isOutputEnabled())
	{
		if(verboseError)
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open  MIDI device %s\n", name.c_str());
		return nullptr;
	} else {
		return newMidi;
	}
}

static unsigned int getPortChannel(int* channel){
	unsigned int port = 0;
	while(*channel >= 16){
		*channel -= 16;
		port += 1;
	}
	return port;
}

void Bela_MidiOutNoteOn(int channel, int pitch, int velocity) {
	int port = getPortChannel(&channel);
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("noteout _ port: %d, channel: %d, pitch: %d, velocity %d\n", port, channel, pitch, velocity);
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writeNoteOn(channel, pitch, velocity);
}

void Bela_MidiOutControlChange(int channel, int controller, int value) {
	int port = getPortChannel(&channel);
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("ctlout _ port: %d, channel: %d, controller: %d, value: %d\n", port, channel, controller, value);
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writeControlChange(channel, controller, value);
}

void Bela_MidiOutProgramChange(int channel, int program) {
	int port = getPortChannel(&channel);
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("pgmout _ port: %d, channel: %d, program: %d\n", port, channel, program);
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writeProgramChange(channel, program);
}

void Bela_MidiOutPitchBend(int channel, int value) {
	int port = getPortChannel(&channel);
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("bendout _ port: %d, channel: %d, value: %d\n", port, channel, value);
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writePitchBend(channel, value);
}

void Bela_MidiOutAftertouch(int channel, int pressure){
	int port = getPortChannel(&channel);
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("touchout _ port: %d, channel: %d, pressure: %d\n", port, channel, pressure);
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writeChannelPressure(channel, pressure);
}

void Bela_MidiOutPolyAftertouch(int channel, int pitch, int pressure){
	int port = getPortChannel(&channel);
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("polytouchout _ port: %d, channel: %d, pitch: %d, pressure: %d\n", port, channel, pitch, pressure);
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writePolyphonicKeyPressure(channel, pitch, pressure);
}

void Bela_MidiOutByte(int port, int byte){
	if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
		rt_printf("port: %d, byte: %d\n", port, byte);
	if(port > (int)midi.size()){
		// if the port is out of range, redirect to the first port.
		rt_fprintf(stderr, "Port out of range, using port 0 instead\n");
		port = 0;
	}
	port < midi.size() && midi[port]->writeOutput(byte);
}

void Bela_printHook(const char *received){
	rt_printf("%s", received);
}

static DigitalChannelManager dcm;

void sendDigitalMessage(bool state, unsigned int delay, void* receiverName){
	libpd_float((const char*)receiverName, (float)state);
//	rt_printf("%s: %d\n", (char*)receiverName, state);
}

#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
void setTrillPrintError()
{
	rt_fprintf(stderr, "bela_setTrill format is wrong. Should be:\n"
		"[mode <sensor_id> <prescaler_value>(\n"
		" or\n"
		"[threshold <sensor_id> <threshold_value>(\n"
		" or\n"
		"[prescaler <sensor_id> <prescaler_value>(\n");
}
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL

void Bela_listHook(const char *source, int argc, t_atom *argv)
{
#ifdef BELA_LIBPD_GUI
	if(0 == strcmp(source, "bela_guiOut"))
	{
		if(!libpd_is_float(&argv[0]))
		{
			rt_fprintf(stderr, "Wrong format for bela_gui, the first element should be a float\n");
			return;
		}
		unsigned int bufNum = libpd_get_float(&argv[1]);
		if(libpd_is_float(&argv[1])) // if the first element is a float, we send an array of floats
		{
			float buf[argc - 1];
			for(int n = 1; n < argc; ++n)
			{
				t_atom *a = &argv[n];
				if(!libpd_is_float(a))
				{
					rt_fprintf(stderr, "Wrong format for bela_gui\n"); // this should never happen, because then the selector would've not been "float"
					return;
				}
				buf[n - 1] = libpd_get_float(a);
			}
			gui.sendBuffer(bufNum, buf, argc - 1);
			return;
		} else { // otherwise we send each element of the list separately
			for(int n = 1; n < argc; ++n)
			{
				t_atom *a = &argv[n];
				if (libpd_is_float(a)) {
					float x = libpd_get_float(a);
					gui.sendBuffer(bufNum, x);
				} else if (libpd_is_symbol(a)) {
					const char *s = libpd_get_symbol(a);
					gui.sendBuffer(bufNum, s, strlen(s)); // TODO: should it be strlen(s)+1?
				}
			}
		}
		return;
	}
#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI
}
void Bela_messageHook(const char *source, const char *symbol, int argc, t_atom *argv){
	if(strcmp(source, "bela_setMidi") == 0)
	{
		if(0 == strcmp("verbose", symbol))
		{
			if(1 != argc || !libpd_is_float(argv))
			{
				rt_fprintf(stderr, "Wrong format for bela_setMidi, expected: [verbose <n>(\n");
			} else {
				gMidiVerbose = libpd_get_float(argv);
				rt_printf("MIDI verbose: %d\n", gMidiVerbose);
			}
			return;
		}
		int num[3] = {0, 0, 0};
		for(int n = 0; n < argc && n < 3; ++n)
		{
			if(!libpd_is_float(&argv[n]))
			{
				fprintf(stderr, "Wrong format for bela_setMidi, expected:[hw 1 0 0(");
				return;
			}
			num[n] = libpd_get_float(&argv[n]);
		}
		std::ostringstream deviceName;
		deviceName << symbol << ":" << num[0] << "," << num[1] << "," << num[2];
		printf("Adding Midi device: %s\n", deviceName.str().c_str());
		Midi* newMidi = openMidiDevice(deviceName.str(), false, true);
		if(newMidi)
		{
			midi.push_back(newMidi);
			gMidiPortNames.push_back(deviceName.str());
		}
		dumpMidi();
		return;
	}
	if(strcmp(source, "bela_setDigital") == 0){
		// symbol is the direction, argv[0] is the channel, argv[1] (optional)
		// is signal("sig" or "~") or message("message", default) rate
		bool isMessageRate = true; // defaults to message rate
		bool direction = 0; // initialize it just to avoid the compiler's warning
		bool disable = false;
		if(strcmp(symbol, "in") == 0){
			direction = INPUT;
		} else if(strcmp(symbol, "out") == 0){
			direction = OUTPUT;
		} else if(strcmp(symbol, "disable") == 0){
			disable = true;
		} else {
			return;
		}
		if(argc == 0){
			return;
		} else if (libpd_is_float(&argv[0]) == false){
			return;
		}
		int channel = libpd_get_float(&argv[0]) - gLibpdDigitalChannelOffset;
		if(disable == true){
			dcm.unmanage(channel);
			return;
		}
		if(argc >= 2){
			t_atom* a = &argv[1];
			if(libpd_is_symbol(a)){
				const char *s = libpd_get_symbol(a);
				if(strcmp(s, "~") == 0  || strncmp(s, "sig", 3) == 0){
					isMessageRate = false;
				}
			}
		}
		dcm.manage(channel, direction, isMessageRate);
		return;
	}
#ifdef BELA_LIBPD_GUI
	if(0 == strcmp(source, "bela_setGui"))
	{
		if(0 == strcmp(symbol, "new"))
		{
			if(
				argc < 2
				|| !libpd_is_symbol(argv)
				|| !libpd_is_symbol(argv + 1)
			)
			{
				return;
			}
			const char* mode = libpd_get_symbol(argv);
			const char* name = libpd_get_symbol(argv + 1);
			if(0 == strcmp(mode, "control"))
			{
				gGuiControlBuffers.emplace_back(name);
				return;
			}
			if(0 == strcmp(mode, "array"))
			{
				// because of
				// https://github.com/libpd/libpd/issues/274
				// (again), we cannot access the arrays right
				// here (as it would deadlock on loadbang), so
				// we have to defer creation of the Gui
				// buffers until render() runs
				gGuiDataBuffers.emplace_back(bufferDescription{.name = name, .id = -1, .size = 0});
				return;
			}
			return;
		}
	}
#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI
#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
	if(0 == strcmp(source, "bela_setTrill"))
	{
		if(0 == strcmp(symbol, "new"))
		{
			bool err = false;

			uint8_t address = 0xff;
			if(argc < 3)
				err = true;
			else if (!libpd_is_symbol(argv) // sensor_id
				|| !libpd_is_float(argv + 1) // bus
				|| !libpd_is_symbol(argv + 2) // device
			)
				err = true;
			if(argc >= 4)
			{
				if(libpd_is_float(argv + 3))
					address = libpd_get_float(argv + 3);
				else
					err = true;
			}
			if(err)
			{
				rt_fprintf(stderr, "bela_setTrill wrong format. Should be:\n"
					"[new <sensor_id> <bus> <device> <address>(\n");
				return;
			}
			const char* name = libpd_get_symbol(argv);
			unsigned int bus = libpd_get_float(argv + 1);
			const char* deviceString = libpd_get_symbol(argv + 2);
			Trill::Device device = Trill::getDeviceFromName(deviceString);

			Trill* trill = new Trill(bus, device, address);
			if(Trill::NONE == trill->deviceType())
			{
				rt_fprintf(stderr, "Unable to create Trill %s device `%s` on bus %u at ", deviceString, name, bus);
				if(128 < address)
					rt_fprintf(stderr, "default address. ");
				else
					rt_fprintf(stderr, "address: %#x (%d). ", address, address);
				rt_fprintf(stderr, "Is the device connected?\n");
				return;
			}
			gTouchSensors.emplace_back(std::string(name), trill);
			gTrillAcks.push_back(name);
			//an ack is sent to Pd during the next audio callback because of https://github.com/libpd/libpd/issues/274
			return;
		}
		if(argc < 1 || !libpd_is_symbol(argv))
		{
			rt_fprintf(stderr, "bela_setTrill: wrong format. It should be\n"
					"[<command> <sensor_id> ...(");
			return;
		}
		const char* sensorId = libpd_get_symbol(argv);
		int idx = getIdxFromId(sensorId, gTouchSensors);
		if(idx < 0)
		{
			rt_fprintf(stderr, "bela_setTrill sensor_id unknown: %s\n", sensorId);
			return;
		}
		if(0 == strcmp(symbol, "updateBaseline"))
		{
			gTouchSensors[idx].second->updateBaseline();
			return;
		}
		if(0 == strcmp(symbol, "mode"))
		{
			if(argc < 2
				|| !libpd_is_symbol(argv)
				|| !libpd_is_symbol(argv + 1)
			) {
				setTrillPrintError();
				return;
			}
			const char* modeString = libpd_get_symbol(argv + 1);
			Trill::Mode mode = Trill::getModeFromName(modeString);
			gTouchSensors[idx].second->setMode(mode);
		}
		if(
			0 == strcmp(symbol, "threshold")
			|| 0 == strcmp(symbol, "prescaler")
		)
		{
			if(
				argc < 2
				|| !libpd_is_symbol(argv)
				|| !libpd_is_float(argv + 1)
			  ) {
				setTrillPrintError();
				return;
			}
			float value = libpd_get_float(argv + 1);
			if(0 == strcmp(symbol, "threshold"))
			{
				gTouchSensors[idx].second->setNoiseThreshold(value);
			}
			if(0 == strcmp(symbol, "prescaler"))
			{
				if(Trill::prescalerMax < value || 0 > value)
				{
					if(0 == value)
						value = 0;
					if(Trill::prescalerMax < value)
						value = Trill::prescalerMax;
					rt_printf("bela_setTrill prescaler value out of range, clipping to %u\n", value);
				}
				gTouchSensors[idx].second->setPrescaler(value);
			}
			return;
		}
		return;
	}
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL
}

void Bela_floatHook(const char *source, float value){
	// let's make this as optimized as possible for built-in digital Out parsing
	// the built-in digital receivers are of the form "bela_digitalOutXX" where XX is between gLibpdDigitalChannelOffset and (gLibpdDigitalCHannelOffset+gDigitalChannelsInUse)
	static int prefixLength = 15; // strlen("bela_digitalOut")
	if(strncmp(source, "bela_digitalOut", prefixLength)==0){
		if(source[prefixLength] != 0){ //the two ifs are used instead of if(strlen(source) >= prefixLength+2)
			if(source[prefixLength + 1] != 0){
				// quickly convert the suffix to integer, assuming they are numbers, avoiding to call atoi
				int receiver = ((source[prefixLength] - 48) * 10);
				receiver += (source[prefixLength+1] - 48);
				unsigned int channel = receiver - gLibpdDigitalChannelOffset; // go back to the actual Bela digital channel number
				if(channel < gDigitalChannelsInUse){ //number of digital channels
					dcm.setValue(channel, value);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}



std::vector<std::string> gReceiverInputNames;
std::vector<std::string> gReceiverOutputNames;
void generateDigitalNames(unsigned int numDigitals, unsigned int libpdOffset, std::vector<std::string>& receiverInputNames, std::vector<std::string>& receiverOutputNames)
{
	std::string inBaseString = "bela_digitalIn";
	std::string outBaseString = "bela_digitalOut";
	for(unsigned int i = 0; i<numDigitals; i++)
	{
		receiverInputNames.push_back(inBaseString + std::to_string(i+libpdOffset));
		receiverOutputNames.push_back(outBaseString + std::to_string(i+libpdOffset));
	}
}

void printDigitalNames(std::vector<std::string>& receiverInputNames, std::vector<std::string>& receiverOutputNames)
{
	printf("DIGITAL INPUTS\n");
	for(unsigned int i=0; i<gDigitalChannelsInUse; i++)
		printf("%s\n", receiverInputNames[i].c_str());
	printf("DIGITAL OUTPUTS\n");
	for(unsigned int i=0; i<gDigitalChannelsInUse; i++)
		printf("%s\n", receiverOutputNames[i].c_str());
}

static char multiplexerArray[] = {"bela_multiplexer"};
static int multiplexerArraySize = 0;
static bool pdMultiplexerActive = false;

#ifdef PD_THREADED_IO
void fdLoop(void* arg){
	while(!Bela_stopRequested()){
		sys_doio();
		usleep(3000);
	}
}
#endif /* PD_THREADED_IO */

Scope scope;
float* gScopeOut;
void* gPatch;
bool gDigitalEnabled = 0;

bool setup(BelaContext *context, void *userData)
{

	gSerial.setup("/dev/ttyS4", 9600);
		AuxiliaryTask serialCommsTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(serialReadTask, 0, "serial-thread", NULL); 
				// AuxiliaryTask serialCommsTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(serialReadTask, 0, "serial-thread", NULL); 
	Bela_scheduleAuxiliaryTask(serialCommsTask);

#ifdef BELA_LIBPD_GUI
	gui.setup(context->projectName);
	gui.setControlDataCallback(guiControlDataCallback, nullptr);
	gGuiPipe.setup("guiControlPipe", 16384);
#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI
	// Check Pd's version
	int major, minor, bugfix;
	sys_getversion(&major, &minor, &bugfix);
	printf("Running Pd %d.%d-%d\n", major, minor, bugfix);
	// We requested in Bela_userSettings() to have uniform sampling rate for audio
	// and analog and non-interleaved buffers.
	// So let's check this actually happened
	if(context->analogSampleRate != context->audioSampleRate)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "The sample rate of analog and audio must match. Try running with --uniform-sample-rate\n");
		return false;
	}
	if(context->flags & BELA_FLAG_INTERLEAVED)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "The audio and analog channels must be interleaved.\n");
		return false;
	}

	if(context->digitalFrames > 0 && context->digitalChannels > 0)
		gDigitalEnabled = 1;

	// add here other devices you need
	gMidiPortNames.push_back("hw:1,0,0");
	//gMidiPortNames.push_back("hw:0,0,0");
	//gMidiPortNames.push_back("hw:1,0,1");

	scope.setup(gScopeChannelsInUse, context->audioSampleRate);
	gScopeOut = new float[gScopeChannelsInUse];

	// Check first of all if the patch file exists. Will actually open it later.
	char file[] = "_main.pd";
	char folder[] = "./";
	unsigned int strSize = strlen(file) + strlen(folder) + 1;
	char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * strSize);
	snprintf(str, strSize, "%s%s", folder, file);
	if(access(str, F_OK) == -1 ) {
		printf("Error file %s/%s not found. The %s file should be your main patch.\n", folder, file, file);
		return false;
	}
	free(str);

	// analog setup
	gAnalogChannelsInUse = context->analogInChannels;
	gDigitalChannelsInUse = context->digitalChannels;
	printf("Audio channels in use: %d\n", context->audioOutChannels);
	printf("Analog channels in use: %d\n", gAnalogChannelsInUse);
	printf("Digital channels in use: %d\n", gDigitalChannelsInUse);

	// Channel distribution
	gFirstAnalogInChannel = std::max(context->audioInChannels, context->audioOutChannels);
	gFirstAnalogOutChannel = gFirstAnalogInChannel;
	gFirstDigitalChannel = gFirstAnalogInChannel + std::max(context->analogInChannels, context->analogOutChannels);
	if(gFirstDigitalChannel < minFirstDigitalChannel)
		gFirstDigitalChannel = minFirstDigitalChannel; //for backwards compatibility
	gLibpdDigitalChannelOffset = gFirstDigitalChannel + 1;
	gFirstScopeChannel = gFirstDigitalChannel + gDigitalChannelsInUse;

	gChannelsInUse = gFirstScopeChannel + gScopeChannelsInUse;

	// Create receiverNames for digital channels
	generateDigitalNames(gDigitalChannelsInUse, gLibpdDigitalChannelOffset, gReceiverInputNames, gReceiverOutputNames);

	// digital setup
	if(gDigitalEnabled)
	{
		dcm.setCallback(sendDigitalMessage);
		if(gDigitalChannelsInUse > 0){
			for(unsigned int ch = 0; ch < gDigitalChannelsInUse; ++ch){
				dcm.setCallbackArgument(ch, (void*) gReceiverInputNames[ch].c_str());
			}
		}
	}

	unsigned int n = 0;
	while(n < gMidiPortNames.size())
	{
		Midi* newMidi = openMidiDevice(gMidiPortNames[n], false, false);
		if(newMidi)
		{
			midi.push_back(newMidi);
			++n;
		} else {
			gMidiPortNames.erase(gMidiPortNames.begin() + n);
		}
	}
	dumpMidi();

	// check that we are not running with a blocksize smaller than gLibPdBlockSize
	gLibpdBlockSize = libpd_blocksize();
	if(context->audioFrames < gLibpdBlockSize){
		fprintf(stderr, "Error: minimum block size must be %d\n", gLibpdBlockSize);
		return false;
	}

	// set hooks before calling libpd_init
	libpd_set_printhook(Bela_printHook);
	libpd_set_floathook(Bela_floatHook);
	libpd_set_listhook(Bela_listHook);
	libpd_set_messagehook(Bela_messageHook);
	libpd_set_noteonhook(Bela_MidiOutNoteOn);
	libpd_set_controlchangehook(Bela_MidiOutControlChange);
	libpd_set_programchangehook(Bela_MidiOutProgramChange);
	libpd_set_pitchbendhook(Bela_MidiOutPitchBend);
	libpd_set_aftertouchhook(Bela_MidiOutAftertouch);
	libpd_set_polyaftertouchhook(Bela_MidiOutPolyAftertouch);
	libpd_set_midibytehook(Bela_MidiOutByte);

	//initialize libpd. This clears the search path
	libpd_init();
	//Add the current folder to the search path for externals
	libpd_add_to_search_path(".");
	libpd_add_to_search_path("../pd-externals");

	libpd_init_audio(gChannelsInUse, gChannelsInUse, context->audioSampleRate);
	gInBuf = get_sys_soundin();
	gOutBuf = get_sys_soundout();

	// start DSP:
	// [; pd dsp 1(
	libpd_start_message(1);
	libpd_add_float(1.0f);
	libpd_finish_message("pd", "dsp");

	// Bind your receivers here
	for(unsigned int i = 0; i < gDigitalChannelsInUse; i++)
		libpd_bind(gReceiverOutputNames[i].c_str());
	libpd_bind("bela_setDigital");
	libpd_bind("bela_setMidi");
#ifdef BELA_LIBPD_GUI
	libpd_bind("bela_guiOut");
	libpd_bind("bela_setGui");
#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI
#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
	libpd_bind("bela_setTrill");
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL

	// open patch:
	gPatch = libpd_openfile(file, folder);
	if(gPatch == NULL){
		printf("Error: file %s/%s is corrupted.\n", folder, file);
		return false;
	}

	// If the user wants to use the multiplexer capelet,
	// the patch will have to contain an array called "bela_multiplexer"
	// and a receiver [r bela_multiplexerChannels]
	if(context->multiplexerChannels > 0 && libpd_arraysize(multiplexerArray) >= 0){
		pdMultiplexerActive = true;
		multiplexerArraySize = context->multiplexerChannels * context->analogInChannels;
		// [; bela_multiplexer ` multiplexerArraySize` resize(
		libpd_start_message(1);
		libpd_add_float(multiplexerArraySize);
		libpd_finish_message(multiplexerArray, "resize");
		// [; bela_multiplexerChannels `context->multiplexerChannels`(
		libpd_float("bela_multiplexerChannels", context->multiplexerChannels);
	}

	// Tell Pd that we will manage the io loop,
	// and we do so in an Auxiliary Task
#ifdef PD_THREADED_IO
	sys_dontmanageio(1);
	AuxiliaryTask fdTask;
	fdTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(fdLoop, 50, "libpd-fdTask", NULL);
	Bela_scheduleAuxiliaryTask(fdTask);
#endif /* PD_THREADED_IO */

	dcm.setVerbose(false);
#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
	gTrillTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(readTouchSensors, 51, "touchSensorRead", NULL);
	gTrillPipe.setup("trillPipe", 1024);
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL
// #ifdef ENABLE_EVO
// 	if(gEvo.initI2C_RW(gEvoI2cBus, gEvoI2cAddress, -1))
// 		return false; // wrong bus, or address out of range
// 	if(gEvo.readI2C()) 	//verify that we can read from the device
// 		return false; // ... or fail otherwise
// 	Bela_runAuxiliaryTask(evoReadTask, 50);
// #endif // ENABLE_EVO

	#ifdef ENABLE_Serial
	Bela_runAuxiliaryTask(serialReadTask, 50);
#endif // ENABLE_Serial
	return true;
}

void render(BelaContext *context, void *userData)
{
#ifdef BELA_LIBPD_GUI
	while(gGuiControlBuffers.size()) // this won't change within the loop, but it's good not to have to use a separate flag
	{
		static struct guiControlMessageHeader header;
		static bool waitingForHeader = true;
		if(waitingForHeader)
		{
			int ret = gGuiPipe.readRt(header);
			if(1 != ret)
				break;
			else
				waitingForHeader = false;
		}
		if(!waitingForHeader)
		{
			char payload[header.size];
			int ret = gGuiPipe.readRt(&payload[0], header.size);
			if(header.size != ret)
			{
				break;
			}
			const char* name = gGuiControlBuffers[header.id].c_str();
			if('f' == header.type)
			{
				if(header.size != sizeof(float))
				{
					rt_fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected message length for float: %u\n", header.size);
					continue;
				}
				float value = ((float*)payload)[0];
				libpd_start_message(1);
				libpd_add_float(value);
				libpd_finish_message("bela_guiControl", name);
			}
			if('s' == header.type)
			{
				libpd_symbol(name, payload);
			}
			waitingForHeader = true;
		}
	}
	for(auto& b : gGuiDataBuffers)
	{
		int id = b.id;
		int size = b.size;
		const char* name = b.name.c_str();
		if(id < 0)
		{
			// initialize
			size = libpd_arraysize(name);
			if(size <= 0)
			{
				continue;
			} else {
				// this is thread-unsafe: what happens if this causes reallocation while the Gui thread is writing to a buffer?
				id = gui.setBuffer('f', size);
				b.id = id;
				b.size = size;
				DataBuffer& dataBuffer = gui.getDataBuffer(id);
				// initialize gui buffer with the initial content of the array
				libpd_read_array(dataBuffer.getAsFloat(), b.name.c_str(), 0, size);
			}
		}
		DataBuffer& dataBuffer = gui.getDataBuffer(b.id);
		libpd_write_array(b.name.c_str(), 0, dataBuffer.getAsFloat(), dataBuffer.getNumElements());
	}
#endif // BELA_LIBPD_GUI
#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
	for(auto& name : gTrillAcks)
	{
		unsigned int idx = getIdxFromId(name.c_str(), gTouchSensors);
		libpd_start_message(3);
		libpd_add_symbol(Trill::getNameFromDevice(gTouchSensors[idx].second->deviceType()).c_str());
		libpd_add_float(gTouchSensors[idx].second->getAddress());
		libpd_add_symbol(Trill::getNameFromMode(gTouchSensors[idx].second->getMode()).c_str());
		libpd_finish_message("bela_trillCreated", name.c_str());
	}
	gTrillAcks.resize(0);
	bool doTrill = false;
	for(auto& t : gTouchSensors)
	{
		if(Trill::NONE != t.second->deviceType())
		{
			doTrill = true;
			break;
		}
	}
	if(doTrill)
	{
		int idx;
		while(gTrillPipe.readRt(idx) > 0)
		{
			Trill& touchSensor = *gTouchSensors[idx].second;
			const char* sensorId = gTouchSensors[idx].first.c_str();
			if(Trill::Device::NONE == touchSensor.deviceType())
				continue;

			const Trill::Mode mode = touchSensor.getMode();
			if(Trill::DIFF == mode || Trill::RAW == mode || Trill::BASELINE == mode)
			{
				libpd_start_message(touchSensor.getNumChannels());
				for(unsigned int n = 0; n < touchSensor.getNumChannels(); ++n)
				{
					libpd_add_float(touchSensor.rawData[n]);
				}
			} else if(Trill::CENTROID == mode)
			{
				if(touchSensor.is1D()) {
					libpd_start_message(2 * touchSensor.getNumTouches() + 1);
					libpd_add_float(touchSensor.getNumTouches());
					for(int i = 0; i < touchSensor.getNumTouches(); i++) {
						libpd_add_float(touchSensor.touchLocation(i));
						libpd_add_float(touchSensor.touchSize(i));
					}
				} else if (touchSensor.is2D()) {
					int numTouches = touchSensor.compoundTouchSize() > 0;
					libpd_start_message(2 * numTouches + 1);
					libpd_add_float(numTouches > 0);
					if(numTouches)
					{
						libpd_add_float(touchSensor.compoundTouchHorizontalLocation());
						libpd_add_float(touchSensor.compoundTouchLocation());
						libpd_add_float(touchSensor.compoundTouchSize());
					}
				}
			}
			else
				continue;
			libpd_finish_message("bela_trill", sensorId);
		}

		static int count = 0;
		unsigned int readIntervalSamples = touchSensorSleepInterval * context->audioSampleRate;
		count += context->audioFrames;
		if(count > readIntervalSamples)
		{
			Bela_scheduleAuxiliaryTask(gTrillTask);
			count -= readIntervalSamples;
		}
	}
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL
#ifdef PARSE_MIDI
	int num;
	for(unsigned int port = 0; port < midi.size(); ++port){
		while((num = midi[port]->getParser()->numAvailableMessages()) > 0){
			static MidiChannelMessage message;
			message = midi[port]->getParser()->getNextChannelMessage();
			if(gMidiVerbose >= kMidiVerbosePrintLevel)
			{
				rt_printf("On port %d (%s): ", port, gMidiPortNames[port].c_str());
				message.prettyPrint(); // use this to print beautified message (channel, data bytes)
			}
			switch(message.getType()){
				case kmmNoteOn:
				{
					int noteNumber = message.getDataByte(0);
					int velocity = message.getDataByte(1);
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					libpd_noteon(channel + port * 16, noteNumber, velocity);
					break;
				}
				case kmmNoteOff:
				{
					/* PureData does not seem to handle noteoff messages as per the MIDI specs,
					 * so that the noteoff velocity is ignored. Here we convert them to noteon
					 * with a velocity of 0.
					 */
					int noteNumber = message.getDataByte(0);
	//				int velocity = message.getDataByte(1); // would be ignored by Pd
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					libpd_noteon(channel + port * 16, noteNumber, 0);
					break;
				}
				case kmmControlChange:
				{
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					int controller = message.getDataByte(0);
					int value = message.getDataByte(1);
					libpd_controlchange(channel + port * 16, controller, value);
					break;
				}
				case kmmProgramChange:
				{
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					int program = message.getDataByte(0);
					libpd_programchange(channel + port * 16, program);
					break;
				}
				case kmmPolyphonicKeyPressure:
				{
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					int pitch = message.getDataByte(0);
					int value = message.getDataByte(1);
					libpd_polyaftertouch(channel + port * 16, pitch, value);
					break;
				}
				case kmmChannelPressure:
				{
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					int value = message.getDataByte(0);
					libpd_aftertouch(channel + port * 16, value);
					break;
				}
				case kmmPitchBend:
				{
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					int value =  ((message.getDataByte(1) << 7)| message.getDataByte(0)) - 8192;
					libpd_pitchbend(channel + port * 16, value);
					break;
				}
				case kmmSystem:
				// currently Bela only handles sysrealtime, and it does so pretending it is a channel message with no data bytes, so we have to re-assemble the status byte
				{
					int channel = message.getChannel();
					int status = message.getStatusByte();
					int byte = channel | status;
					libpd_sysrealtime(port, byte);
					break;
				}
				case kmmNone:
				case kmmAny:
					break;
			}
		}
	}
#else
	int input;
	for(unsigned int port = 0; port < NUM_MIDI_PORTS; ++port){
		while((input = midi[port].getInput()) >= 0){
			libpd_midibyte(port, input);
		}
	}
#endif /* PARSE_MIDI */
// #ifdef ENABLE_EVO
// 	static uint64_t evoLastSent = 0;
// 	if(context->audioFramesElapsed - evoLastSent > gEvoSendIntervalMs * 0.001f * context->audioSampleRate)
// 	{
// 		libpd_float(gEvoReceiverName, gEvoValue);
// 		evoLastSent = context->audioFramesElapsed;
// 	}
// #endif // ENABLE_EVO

#ifdef ENABLE_Serial
	static uint64_t serialLastSent = 0;
	if(context->audioFramesElapsed - serialLastSent > gSerialSendIntervalMs * 0.001f * context->audioSampleRate)
	{
		libpd_float(gSerialReceiverName, gSerialValue);
		serialLastSent = context->audioFramesElapsed;
	}
#endif // ENABLE_Serial

	unsigned int numberOfPdBlocksToProcess = context->audioFrames / gLibpdBlockSize;

	// Remember: we have non-interleaved buffers and the same sampling rate for
	// analogs, audio and digitals
	for(unsigned int tick = 0; tick < numberOfPdBlocksToProcess; ++tick)
	{
		//audio input
		for(int n = 0; n < context->audioInChannels; ++n)
		{
			memcpy(
				gInBuf + n * gLibpdBlockSize,
				context->audioIn + tick * gLibpdBlockSize + n * context->audioFrames,
				sizeof(context->audioIn[0]) * gLibpdBlockSize
			);
		}

		// analog input
		for(int n = 0; n < context->analogInChannels; ++n)
		{
			memcpy(
				gInBuf + gLibpdBlockSize * gFirstAnalogInChannel + n * gLibpdBlockSize,
				context->analogIn + tick * gLibpdBlockSize + n * context->analogFrames,
				sizeof(context->analogIn[0]) * gLibpdBlockSize
			);
		}
		// multiplexed analog input
		if(pdMultiplexerActive)
		{
			// we do not disable regular analog inputs if muxer is active, because user may have bridged them on the board and
			// they may be using half of them at a high sampling-rate
			static int lastMuxerUpdate = 0;
			if(++lastMuxerUpdate == multiplexerArraySize){
				lastMuxerUpdate = 0;
				libpd_write_array(multiplexerArray, 0, (float *const)context->multiplexerAnalogIn, multiplexerArraySize);
			}
		}

		unsigned int digitalFrameBase = gLibpdBlockSize * tick;
		unsigned int j;
		unsigned int k;
		float* p0;
		float* p1;
		// digital input
		if(gDigitalEnabled)
		{
			// digital in at message-rate
			dcm.processInput(&context->digital[digitalFrameBase], gLibpdBlockSize);

			// digital in at signal-rate
			for (j = 0, p0 = gInBuf; j < gLibpdBlockSize; j++, p0++) {
				unsigned int digitalFrame = digitalFrameBase + j;
				for (k = 0, p1 = p0 + gLibpdBlockSize * gFirstDigitalChannel;
						k < 16; ++k, p1 += gLibpdBlockSize) {
					if(dcm.isSignalRate(k) && dcm.isInput(k)){ // only process input channels that are handled at signal rate
						*p1 = digitalRead(context, digitalFrame, k);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		libpd_process_sys(); // process the block

		// digital outputs
		if(gDigitalEnabled)
		{
			// digital out at signal-rate
			for (j = 0, p0 = gOutBuf; j < gLibpdBlockSize; ++j, ++p0) {
				unsigned int digitalFrame = (digitalFrameBase + j);
				for (k = 0, p1 = p0  + gLibpdBlockSize * gFirstDigitalChannel;
					k < context->digitalChannels; k++, p1 += gLibpdBlockSize)
				{
					if(dcm.isSignalRate(k) && dcm.isOutput(k)){ // only process output channels that are handled at signal rate
						digitalWriteOnce(context, digitalFrame, k, *p1 > 0.5);
					}
				}
			}

			// digital out at message-rate
			dcm.processOutput(&context->digital[digitalFrameBase], gLibpdBlockSize);
		}

		// scope output
		for (j = 0, p0 = gOutBuf; j < gLibpdBlockSize; ++j, ++p0) {
			for (k = 0, p1 = p0 + gLibpdBlockSize * gFirstScopeChannel; k < gScopeChannelsInUse; k++, p1 += gLibpdBlockSize) {
				gScopeOut[k] = *p1;
			}
			scope.log(gScopeOut[0], gScopeOut[1], gScopeOut[2], gScopeOut[3]);
		}

		// audio output
		for(int n = 0; n < context->audioOutChannels; ++n)
		{
			memcpy(
				context->audioOut + tick * gLibpdBlockSize + n * context->audioFrames,
				gOutBuf + n * gLibpdBlockSize,
				sizeof(context->audioOut[0]) * gLibpdBlockSize
			);
		}

		//analog output
		for(int n = 0; n < context->analogOutChannels; ++n)
		{
			memcpy(
				context->analogOut + tick * gLibpdBlockSize + n * context->analogFrames,
				gOutBuf + gLibpdBlockSize * gFirstAnalogOutChannel + n * gLibpdBlockSize,
				sizeof(context->analogOut[0]) * gLibpdBlockSize
			);
		}
	}
}

void cleanup(BelaContext *context, void *userData)
{
	for(auto a : midi)
	{
		delete a;
	}
#ifdef ENABLE_TRILL
	for(auto t : gTouchSensors)
	{
		// t.first is a std::string, so the memory will be deallocated automatically
		delete t.second;
	}
#endif // ENABLE_TRILL
	libpd_closefile(gPatch);
	delete [] gScopeOut;
}

Tree But since I (assumingly) am not transmitting the right data, all I get from the receiving object in Pd is floats, for example:

well the code as it is does that.

Tree I'm intending to parse that in Pd.

The way it currently is? Assuming you receive the full string in Pd, how do you split the long string with commas and no spaces into different words/numbers in Pd? That's why I am asking whether parsing in C++ would be easier ...

giuliomoro That's why I am asking whether parsing in C++ would be easier ...

I'll give this a try. thanks

Apologies @giuliomoro, I referred to the wrong code. I am using this bit (which is appropriated from the Serial library example) to get serial data from UART4 pins:

gSerial.setup("/dev/ttyS4", 9600);
AuxiliaryTask serialCommsTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(serialReadTask, 0, "serial-thread", NULL); 
Bela_scheduleAuxiliaryTask(serialCommsTask);

and I am parsing the incoming values, then sending via libpd_symbol to PD, as such:

static uint64_t serialLastSent = 0;
	if(context->audioFramesElapsed - serialLastSent > gSerialSendIntervalMs * 0.001f * context->audioSampleRate)
	{
		char serialBufferLat[maxLen];
		char serialBufferLng[maxLen];
		char serialBufferSts[maxLen];
			size_t lenLat = gSerialPipeLat.readRt(serialBufferLat, maxLen);
			size_t lenLng = gSerialPipeLng.readRt(serialBufferLng, maxLen);
			size_t lenSts = gSerialPipeSts.readRt(serialBufferSts, maxLen);

			if(lenLat > 0) {
		serialBufferLat[lenLat] = 0; // ensure the string is appropriately null-terminated, or the line below may crash
		libpd_symbol(gSerialReceiverNameLat, serialBufferLat);
							serialLastSent = context->audioFramesElapsed;
	}
	
			if(lenLng > 0) {
		serialBufferLng[lenLng] = 0; // ensure the string is appropriately null-terminated, or the line below may crash
		libpd_symbol(gSerialReceiverNameLng, serialBufferLng);
							serialLastSent = context->audioFramesElapsed;
	}
	
			if(lenSts > 0) {
		serialBufferSts[lenSts] = 0; // ensure the string is appropriately null-terminated, or the line below may crash
		libpd_symbol(gSerialReceiverNameSts, serialBufferSts);
							serialLastSent = context->audioFramesElapsed;
	}
	
	}

The issue is that my GPS module (connected to UART4) loses coordinates as soon as I run the software. As part of my troubleshooting, I tried the GPS module on an Arduino and on Bela-mini (with the software being stopped) in both cases the data flow without any issues and coordinates are readable, when I run the software on Bela the module malfunctions (data is still incoming but I lose the coordinates). I wonder if you could advise on where I should look to tackle this problem?