in PRU.cpp, before and after the call to render(), that is where audio and analog I/O are converted to float and back to int.
The native format of audio is int16_t, while analogs are uint16_t.
Editing of the core code through the IDE is not really supported, but there are ways of doing it.
For instance, you could create a symlink to the core folder in projects, from the console built into the IDE:
$ ln -s /root/Bela/core projects/core_code
at which point you will have a core_code project where the core files will show up and can be edited from the IDE.
IMPORTANT NOTE: it will not be possible to revert automatically to the original core files, so it is up to you to create a backup of them, either through the IDE file browser or from the console:
$ cp core/PRU.cpp core/PRU.cpp.bak # makes a backup
$ cp core/PRU.cpp.bak core/PRU.cpp # restores the backup
EDIT : amended the ln line