There's no "standard Csound 6 headerfiles", as it seems: they depend on the actual build of csound in use, so you should always build agains the ones that are provided with your csound distribution, not some "standard" ones you may have found elsewhere. As outlined above, the ones on the board differ from the ones you are building against because the ones on the board don't have USE_DOUBLE defined.
Case in point:
gcc -O2 -I /usr/include/csound -fPIC xine.c -shared -o xine.so
works.