You could toggle a GPIO before and after the heavy callback. Use this example as a starting point. Basically, besides the code in setup(), you'll need:
gpio.write(1);
// code you want to test goes in here
// ...
// ...
gpio.write(0);
So you could start from:
gpio.write(1);
hv_processInline(gHeavyContext, gHvInputBuffers, gHvOutputBuffers, context->audioFrames);
gpio.write(0);
and then see if you can spot some inconsistencies there. If that is not the case, move gpio.write(1) earlier, possible to the top of render(), but I think it is most likely that the bottleneck will be hv_processInline().
Then connect the scope to the GPIO in use and see if you see irregularities in the length of the callback.