with the instructions above, if you boot up the board and need to make a change to your patch, run this in the console at the bottom of the IDE:
mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 -o remount,rw /
and the partition will be read/write until you power it off: no need to edit /etc/fstab back and forth if you are happy with running this command once every boot.
As for the button solution, if you need it only to turn off the board you can connect a momentary switch to P2.12. Connect it to ground briefly and it will start a graceful shutdown procedure, similarly to holding the Bela button down for 2 seconds.