k, got it sorted. Adding the following in case anyone else has trouble getting Supercollider running on Salt.
Short answer: run ldconfig
Explanation:
Determine what libs Bela is configured for:
root@bela:~/Bela/lib# cat /etc/ld.so.conf
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
k, it's configured to include paths from a directory of conf files. See which ones:
root@bela:~/Bela/lib# ls /etc/ld.so.conf.d
arm-linux-gnueabihf.conf bela.conf libc.conf xenomai.conf
That bela.conf file looks promising. What is in it?
root@bela:~/Bela/lib# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/bela.conf
/root/Bela/lib
Ah, cool, that's where libbela.so is. So why isn't it being resolved? Let's retry letting the system know:
root@bela:~/Bela/lib# ldconfig
Did it work?
root@bela:~/Bela/lib# ldd /usr/local/bin/sclang
linux-vdso.so.1 (0xbef79000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0 (0xb6ed1000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so.2 (0xb6ebe000)
libcobalt.so.2 => /usr/xenomai/lib/libcobalt.so.2 (0xb6e98000)
libmodechk.so.0 => /usr/xenomai/lib/libmodechk.so.0 (0xb6e87000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1 (0xb6e71000)
libbela.so => /root/Bela/lib/libbela.so (0xb6e4d000)
libasound.so.2 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libasound.so.2 (0xb6d98000)
libsndfile.so.1 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libsndfile.so.1 (0xb6d33000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libstdc++.so.6 (0xb6c27000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 (0xb6baf000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libgcc_s.so.1 (0xb6b86000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 (0xb6a98000)
/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 (0xb6ef5000)
libprussdrv.so => /usr/local/lib/libprussdrv.so (0xb6a85000)
libFLAC.so.8 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libFLAC.so.8 (0xb6a38000)
libogg.so.0 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libogg.so.0 (0xb6a2b000)
libvorbis.so.0 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libvorbis.so.0 (0xb69f9000)
libvorbisenc.so.2 => /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libvorbisenc.so.2 (0xb6967000)
Yay, libbela.so => /root/Bela/lib/libbela.so (0xb6e4d000)
Wonder why this wasn't set up originally. Oh well, let's get back to the fun :-)