On BeagleBone Black / Bela those pins are not on the header, while on the PocketBeagle / BelaMini those pins are available. Either way, I don't recommend using those because you may have signal quality issues. The most expedient way to connect an Arduino to Bela using the headers, which will work on both Bela and BelaMini is to use a UART port.
That process is explained in detail here.