Right, the line
find ../../bela_projects/octave -type f -not -path '*/\.*' -newer .//../tmp/.timeoctave
is searching for files in ../../bela_projects/octave -type that are newer than.//../tmp/.timeoctave. Maybe there is something wrong with your find program?
Could you open another terminal and while the above script is running, run (assuming you are in the same working directory):
ls -lh ./../tmp/.timeoctave ../../bela_projects/octave
run it again after editing one or more files in the ../../bela_projects/octave folder.
Also, maybe send a dump of find --help (or man find if man is available on your system)?